For some, September 11, 2001 remains a classic Al-Qaeda terrorist attack led by Osama bin Laden. For others, it was a “false flag” operation prepared by American services to gain public support for restricting civil liberties and to justify the invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq. Popular conspiracy theories also point to the possible role of the Israeli Mossad, arguing that many influential Jews did not show up for work at the WTC that day. Doubts also surround the Pentagon – was it really hit by a passenger plane, or rather a missile? Controversy is further fueled by the miraculously recovered passport of one of the hijackers and the almost “perfect” way the towers collapsed, which for many is evidence of planted explosives. Terrorist attack or perfectly staged conspiracy?
Category: History
History includes surveys on major events, figures and processes shaping modern politics and society. This category covers public views on past conflicts, transitions and their impact on current decision-making.





